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Professionals. Guidance notes on the Muslim fast during Ramadan The Muslim fast during the month of Ramadan provides  an opportunity for health professionals to promote  health improvement among Muslims by offering lifestyle  advice on topics such as diet and smoking cessation.        It is important to recognize  that the Muslim community,  like any other, is diverse. This results in differences of  perception and practice among Muslim patients. The  start of Ramadan advances 11 days every year as it is  based on a lunar calendar and will sometimes fall in the  summer months, resulting in a more onerous fast than  when it is in the winter months. In 2007 Ramadan starts  in mid-September.      Fasting during Ramadan is intended as a discipline and  requires abstinence from anything taken orally during  the hours of daylight, each consecutive day for a month.  This includes water and smoking. Bleeding will also  preclude the fast for that day. Fasti

The World Education Information Report’s focus on education as a basic human right is a fitting choice for the International Year for the Culture of Peace. Education is one of the principal means to build the‘defenses of peace’ in the minds of men and women everywhere – the mission assumed by UNESCO when the Organ- ization was created more than half a century ago. The twentieth century saw human rights accepted worldwide as a guiding principle. Our ambition for the new century must be to see human rights fully implemented in practice.       This is therefore a good moment for the inter- national community to reflect on its understand- ing of, and commitment to, the right to edu- cation. Education is both a human right and a vital means of promoting peace and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms gener- ally. If its potential to contribute towards build- ing a more peaceful world is to be realized, edu- cation must be made universally available an equally accessible to all

UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS’ INFORMATION SEEKING BEHAVIOR  Dr. Josiah O. AJIBOYE, University of Botswana Adeyinka TELLA, University of Botswana !   The major purpose of the study was to examine the information seeking behavior of undergraduate students in the University of Botswana. Specifically, the study made effort to determine the sources consulted and the general pattern of information gathering system by the students: the impact of students’ gender, level of study and course of study on the students’ information seeking behavior. The study adopted a descriptive survey design and data was collected using a questionnaire administered to two thousand respondents randomly selected from six faculties in the University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana. Major findings from the study include are: first, academic information was rated as the predominant information required by the students, while the Internet was rated the most crucial source of most of the academic informat

Global Health Issues        Info: Despite incredible improvements in health since 1950, there are still a number of challenges, which should have been easy to solve. Consider the following....     One billion people lack access to health care systems... 36 million deaths each year are caused by noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and chronic lung diseases. This is almost two-thirds of the estimated 56 million deaths each year worldwide. (A quarter of these take place before the age of 60.) Cardiovascular diseases (C V Ds) are the number one group of conditions causing death globally. An estimated 17.5 million people died from C V Ds in 2005, representing 30% of all global deaths. Over 80% of C V D deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. Over 7.5 million children under the age of 5 die from malnutrition and mostly preventable diseases, each year. In 2008, some 6.7 million people died of infectious diseases alone, far more than the